Bands tribes chiefdoms and states. Bands, Tribes, Chiefdoms, and States (Final Exam) Flashcards 2022-11-16
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Bands, tribes, chiefdoms, and states are all different types of political organizations that have existed throughout human history. While these terms are often used to describe societies in the past, they can also be used to understand contemporary political structures.
Bands are the most basic type of political organization, typically consisting of a small group of people who are related by blood or marriage. Bands are characterized by a lack of central authority, with decisions being made through consensus or by the most influential member of the group. Because they are small and flexible, bands are well-suited to changing environments, but they are also relatively vulnerable to external threats.
Tribes are larger and more complex than bands, typically consisting of several hundred people. Like bands, tribes are characterized by a lack of central authority, but they are more likely to have a defined leadership structure. Decisions are often made by a council of elders or other respected members of the community. While tribes have more resources and are better able to defend themselves than bands, they are still relatively small and vulnerable to outside threats.
Chiefdoms are larger and more centralized than tribes, typically consisting of several thousand people. Chiefdoms are characterized by a central authority figure, usually a chief, who makes decisions for the group. While there may be some level of democratic decision-making, the chief has final say in matters of importance. Chiefdoms are more resistant to external threats than tribes or bands, but they are also more rigid and less adaptable to changing circumstances.
States are the largest and most complex form of political organization, typically consisting of millions of people. States are characterized by a central government that holds a monopoly on the legitimate use of force within a defined territory. States have a hierarchical leadership structure, with elected officials or leaders at the top and a bureaucracy to implement their decisions. States are able to defend themselves against external threats and exert a great deal of control over their populations, but they are also more prone to internal conflict and may be less responsive to the needs of their citizens.
Overall, bands, tribes, chiefdoms, and states are all different types of political organizations that have evolved over time to meet the needs of different societies. While each type has its own strengths and weaknesses, they all play a role in shaping the way that humans have interacted with each other and their environments throughout history.
Bands, Tribes, Chiefdoms, and complianceportal.american.edu
Such movements are necessary for the year-round care of their animals upon which they depend. States are lead by a powerful official like a king, as is the case with the Swazi. Speaking technically, a tribe is a combination of smaller kin or non-kin groups, linked by a common culture, that usually act as one. The next political system is a tribe. According to Service this grouping was supposed to represent some sort of transitional form, somewhere between a band and a chiefdom.
Bands, Tribes, Chiefdoms, and complianceportal.american.edu
Sort of multi-grouped and usually bigger than bands, tribes tend to contain communities that are a bit larger. What is the structure of a chiefdom? The institution of donation also ended in the early states and was replaced by the levying of taxes. The fact that the bands were both quite small and mobile was also reflected in the size and the structure of their settlements. Tribal societies in the sense of political organization are the same as band societies. The tribe comprised a collection of individual communities families, villages, etc. For security purpose these force include Army, Navy, Air force and various police. The head of the tribe was nominated by the age and wisdom, so, the aged person was to be the chief or head of the tribe because of the agedness and experience.
What is the difference between band tribe chiefdom and state?
Critics point in particular to the problems that are associated with attempts to apply a typology that was created in relation to recent pre-industrial populations to societies that are identified only in historical or archaeological sources. The people were collecting their food from forests, seas and they started in summer to go out in search of food. In other words, when to move and when to stay is usually based on group consensus rather than one governing official calling the shots. Myths of the archaic state: evolution of the earliest cities, states and civilizations. Chief is responsible for redistributing wealth.
Classification of Societies, Band, Tribes, Chiefdom & State
Men generally hunted for meat. In fact, many chiefdoms practice redistribution, in which goods are accumulated by one central person or power, who then decides how to allocate them among the people. With this, bands are usually referred to as being egalitarian societies, societies in which all persons of the same age and gender are seen as equals. They used to visit different regions in food search and settled there but there was no permanent place of their setting. Believing a chief to be elevated above other members, some believe their chiefs are endowed with mana, a supernatural power that gives the right to rule. Because the state-building process was also regionally contagious, so to speak, several states coexisted in the area more or less on a regular basis. Their main way of subsistence is food-foraging.
Bands, tribes, chiefdoms, States complianceportal.american.edu
Usually being governed by group consensus, bands are egalitarian societies, societies in which all persons of the same age and gender are seen as equals. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. Band societies are egalitarian societies and have no private property. The size of chiefdom varies and can be small like bands and tribes, or they can be larger. Due to this nomadic lifestyle, meaning moving from place to place, usually in search of food, bands are most often made up of hunter-gatherers. Kula valuables never remain for long in the hands of the recipients; rather, they must be passed on to other partners within a certain amount of time, thus constantly circling around the ring.
An Anthropological View of Bands, Tribes, Chiefdoms, and States
Adding to this, many chiefdoms believe their chiefs are endowed with mana, a supernatural power that gives the right to rule. The aged man was the library of wisdom and had the experience to decide a situation. You must choose the real-life example society for bands, for tribes, for chiefdoms, and for states from the named examples mentioned in the Week 5 textbook reading. Due to their small size and their tendency to move around, bands usually have little to no formal leadership. What was the political structure of the chiefdom? Tribes With this, we sort of move up the non-industrialized political ladder to tribes.
The King had become the King of Kings by conquering the neighbouring rulers and inevitably his empires ceased to meet the requisite criteria for being an early state. The chief of a chiefdom posse a high status and rank in the society. Now notice, this doesn't mean that men and women are always equal, it more means that men are equal to men and women are equal to women. Often, the distinguishing factor is that a clan is a smaller, integral part of a larger society such as a tribe, chiefdom, or a state. The Archaeology of Tribal Societies. State societies have its centralized political structure. Yuri Takeda Barbara Lass Anthropology 2 28 November 2021 Assignment: Bands, Tribes, Chiefdoms, and States Based on what we have learned in class so far, the four types of organization; past bands, tribes, chiefdoms, and states have their distinct archeological characteristics.
Political Organizations: Bands, Tribes, Chiefdoms & States
Captain James Cook meeting with several Hawaiian chieftains. Tribes, a more complex type of acephalous society than a band. What are the characteristics of a chiefdom? It is at this level of organization that stratification, size, and centralization change. State has a formal system of written rules and regulation. They have honeycomb on the brain. In some cases they may even maintain food-foraging techniques to balance out their diet.
Bands, Tribes, Chiefdoms, and States (Final Exam) Flashcards
Though the early states retained a number of the features of the chieftain groups, unlike them these were societies of a non-relational type i. It must be admitted that there could be a large number of chieftain systems with different mechanisms of functioning that could co-exist. However, this is a great segue into our next topic, chiefdoms. However, chiefdoms utilize domestication on a much larger scale as they base their economy on intensive agricultural practices that create a surplus. Within this political structure, chiefs are usually chosen by heredity and employ redistribution, in which goods are accumulated by one central person or power, who then decides how to allocate them among the people. Unlike bands they have evolved domestication practices of plants and animals, and because of this they may have economic systems that are either horticulture based or pastoral based. Inevitably, together, they formed an interactive network that dynamically transformed its goals from peacekeeping to war.
The next level of political organization is a chiefdom. As social organisations chiefdoms were made up of several branches of various kinship groups or conical clans. Chiefdoms: power, economy and ideology. A state, like a chiefdom, is centralized and stratified, however the level of stratification is based on classes or castes. Elman Service model The model of human society has been proposed by the cultural anthropologist in 1952. This political organization was found is almost all the societies before the agricultural period. The political organization is informed, in which no single person or place is nominated to decide any problem but the decision takes place collectively by the group.
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