Classifying organic compounds. Classification of Organic Compounds 2022-11-16

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Organic compounds are chemical compounds that contain carbon. They are found in living organisms and are essential for life. There are millions of different organic compounds, and they play a variety of roles in the body, including providing energy, forming structural materials, and serving as catalysts for chemical reactions.

One way to classify organic compounds is based on the functional groups they contain. A functional group is a specific arrangement of atoms within a molecule that is responsible for the chemical properties of the compound. For example, the alcohol functional group contains a hydroxyl (-OH) group, and compounds that contain this group are known as alcohols. The carboxyl functional group contains a carbonyl group (-C=O) and a hydroxyl group (-OH), and compounds that contain this group are known as carboxylic acids. Other common functional groups include the aldehyde group (-CHO), the ketone group (-CO-), and the amine group (-NH2).

Another way to classify organic compounds is based on their structural properties. Alkanes are hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds between carbon atoms and are known for their high stability. Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond between carbon atoms and are known for their ability to undergo reactions with other molecules. Alkynes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one triple bond between carbon atoms and are known for their high reactivity. Aromatic compounds are a type of hydrocarbon that contain a ring of carbon atoms bonded together by alternating single and double bonds and are known for their pleasant odors.

Organic compounds can also be classified based on their sources. Natural organic compounds are those that are found in nature and are produced by living organisms, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Synthetic organic compounds are those that are made by humans through chemical reactions, such as plastics, dyes, and pharmaceuticals.

In conclusion, organic compounds are a diverse and important class of chemicals that play a variety of roles in living organisms and in the world around us. They can be classified based on their functional groups, structural properties, and sources, and understanding these classifications can help us understand the chemical properties and potential uses of different organic compounds.

Organic compounds Classification, Functional group and Homologous series

classifying organic compounds

Why are organic compounds useful? They are used as antiseptics and ethanol is a staple of the beverage industry. Acyclic compounds These are the compounds formed by joining carbon atoms to form an open chain. A hydrocarbon is found to contain 81. Alicyclic or Closed Chain or Ring Compounds: These are cyclic compounds which contain carbon atoms connected to each other in a ring homocyclic. Let us take a look at the organic compounds list. For exampne: Cyclic organic compounds are further classified as — homocyclic and heterocyclic organic compounds. Hydrocarbons If an organic molecule contains only carbon and hydrogen, then it is a hydrocarbon.

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Types of Organic Compounds in Chemistry and Biology

classifying organic compounds

The molecular arrangement of amino acids impart different properties to different kinds of proteins. N, O or S is present as one of the ring forming atoms are called heterocyclic compounds. Functional group The functional group can be defined as an atom or a group of atoms that are joined together in a specific manner, which is responsible for the characteristic chemical properties of organic compounds. They are understood to be present in order to complete the 4-bonds provided by the carbon atoms. ATP is an RNA nucleotide. It clearly would be impossible to memorize trivial names for such a large number of compounds. When atoms other than carbon are also present then it is called heterocyclic.

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1.1: The Origins of Organic Chemistry

classifying organic compounds

Introduction to Organic Compounds Organic compoundsare compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to each other. Homocyclic compounds : Cyclic organic compounds in which the ring forming atoms are only carbon are called homocyclic or more specifically carbocyclic compounds. Tetrahydrofuran THF , etc. Organic compounds are classified as : 1. Therefore a systematic 2O and NH 3, for example, are never used; these vital compounds are known only as The simplest chemical compounds are binary compounds—those consisting of two elements. These hydrocarbons are saturated because each carbonatomis bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible. Homocyclic compounds can be further classified as — Alicyclic and Aromatic compounds.

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What are the exceptions for classifying organic compounds?

classifying organic compounds

A few carbon compounds, including simple oxides e. Lipids have a higher hydrogen to oxygen ratio than is found in carbohydrates. To the structure you prepared in Part I, attach two hydrogen atoms to Carbon 2 using short medium connectors. They are further classified into two types as homocyclic and heterocyclic compounds. Carbon is a strict octet follower, which means it needs a maximum of 8 electrons to form stable compounds.

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Organic Compounds List

classifying organic compounds

Because functional groups are only a portion of a molecule, we use a generic symbol to represent the rest of the molecule. So, H-O-R means that there is a hydrogen atom singly bonded to an oxygen atom and that oxygen atom is singly bonded to something else which has not been specified. The suffix of the name indicates the functional group found in the molecule. All the compounds having same functional group show similar properties and constitute a class or a family. Acetone, for example, is a ketone, the main component in nail polish remover, while cumin aldehyde is an aldehyde present in cumin seeds. Hence, these are open.

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CARBON CLASSIFICATION (PRIMARY, SECONDARY, TERTIARY)

classifying organic compounds

They are the basic components that move the world in many of the cycles. Lipid molecules store energy and they also play an important role in the formation of cell membranes. Organic compound, any of a large class of chemical compounds in which one or more carbon atoms are covalently bound to atoms of other elements, most commonly hydrogen, oxygen or nitrogen. In this chapter, we discuss why the element carbon gives rise to a vast number and variety of compounds, how those compounds are classified, and the role of organic compounds in representative biological and industrial settings. Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds Organic compounds can also be classified on the basis of 1. Each functional group has a name that represents a structure that is commonly found as a portion of some organic molecules.

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Classification on Organic Compounds: Detailed Explanation

classifying organic compounds

Their structure might be either straight or branched chains. These compounds include phenols and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons PAH. They undergo reactions under drastic conditions Note : Alkanes are called saturated because all the possible sites i. They are composed of an amino group and an acid group. The example H-O-R could represent H-O-CH 3 or H-O-CH 2CH 3 or H-O-CH 2CH 2CH 3, etc. When only one ring of atoms is present in the molecule, it is known asmonocyclic , whereas the compounds with more than one ring of atoms are termed polycyclic.

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Classification of Organic Compounds

classifying organic compounds

For example — Non-benzenoid aromatic compounds-The highly unsaturated aromatic compounds that do not contain any benzene ring in their ring structure are called non-benzenoid aromatic compounds. Alkenes : Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with general formula C nH 2n. The ratio of hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms in carbohydrate molecules is 2:1. The site where functional group combine to the organic compound are chemically active site and becomes site for major organic reactions. Lastly, C3 is connected to only one hydrogen atom and three other carbon atoms. It also applies in classifying carbocations and carbanions.

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Organic Compounds

classifying organic compounds

It has 3 phosphate groups attached in a chain. They exhibit a slow, chronic effect on health. The genetic information of an organism in cells is stored in nucleic acids. How do you know if a compound is organic? Chloroform is used as an anaesthesia. Nucleic acids are of two types: DNA deoxyribonucleic acid and RNA ribonucleic acid. Finally, you will see a suffix listed for each functional group. The most common alcohol is known as ethanol.


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4.2: Classifying Organic Molecules

classifying organic compounds

Lipids The non-polar components of cells are known as lipids. For example: organic compounds having — OH as functional group constitutes a class of compounds called alcohol. Propane, Propene, propyne c. Following are the examples in this category. Some other examples of functional group are : Homologous series The series of organic compounds having same general formula and similar chemical properties but different physical properties in which one member differs from other member by single — CH 2 unit is known as homologous series. Classes of Organic Compounds Apart from the major organic compounds mentioned above, there are thousands of other compounds. Some proteins contain other atoms, such as sulfur, phosphorus, iron, copper, or magnesium.

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