Complex words are those that are composed of multiple parts or morphemes, which are the smallest units of meaning in a language. These words can be either native to a language, or they can be borrowed from another language. Complex words can be either nouns, verbs, adjectives, or adverbs, and they can express a wide range of meanings and concepts.
One type of complex word is the compound word, which is made up of two or more words that are combined to create a new meaning. For example, the word "sunflower" is a compound word made up of "sun" and "flower," which, when combined, describe a type of plant that turns towards the sun. Compound words can be either open, in which the individual words are separated by a space, or closed, in which the words are written together as a single word.
Another type of complex word is the derived word, which is created by adding a prefix or suffix to an existing word. Prefixes are added to the beginning of a word, and they change the meaning of the word in some way. For example, the prefix "un-" can change the meaning of the word "happy" to "unhappy," or "kind" to "unkind." Suffixes are added to the end of a word, and they can change the word's grammatical function or part of speech. For example, the suffix "-ly" can change the word "quick" to an adverb, "quickly."
Complex words can also be created through the process of inflection, which is the alteration of a word's form to express different grammatical functions or meanings. For example, the verb "run" can be inflected to express different tenses, such as "ran" for the past tense, or "running" for the present participle. Inflection can also be used to change the number of a noun, such as adding the suffix "-s" to "dog" to make it plural.
In addition to these types of complex words, there are also words that are borrowed from other languages and integrated into a new language. These loanwords can be either fully assimilated into the new language, or they can retain some of their original characteristics. For example, the English language has borrowed many words from Latin and French, such as "biology" and "restaurant," respectively.
In conclusion, complex words are an integral part of language, as they allow us to express a wide range of concepts and ideas. Whether they are created through the process of compounding, derivation, inflection, or borrowing, complex words add depth and nuance to our communication.