Different nursing theories. Common Change Theories and Application to Different Nursing Situations 2022-10-27
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Nursing theories are an important aspect of the nursing profession. They provide a framework for understanding the complexities of nursing practice and help nurses to develop their knowledge and skills. There are many different nursing theories that have been developed over the years, each with its own unique perspective on the nature of nursing and how it should be practiced.
One of the earliest nursing theories was developed by Florence Nightingale in the 19th century. Nightingale's theory focused on the importance of a clean and healthy environment in promoting the recovery of patients. She believed that nurses had a duty to create an environment that was conducive to healing, and that this could be achieved through the use of fresh air, proper lighting, and cleanliness.
Another influential nursing theory is the theory of nursing as caring, developed by Jean Watson. This theory emphasizes the importance of the nurse-patient relationship and the role of the nurse as a caregiver and advocate for the patient. Watson believed that nurses should focus on the emotional and spiritual needs of their patients, as well as their physical needs, in order to promote healing and recovery.
A third nursing theory is the self-care deficit theory, developed by Dorothea Orem. This theory focuses on the role of the nurse in helping patients to meet their own self-care needs. According to Orem, nurses should work with patients to develop a plan for meeting their self-care needs, and should provide the necessary support and education to help them achieve this goal.
There are many other nursing theories as well, each with its own unique perspective on the nature of nursing and how it should be practiced. These theories are important because they help nurses to better understand their role and responsibilities, and to develop the knowledge and skills needed to provide the highest quality of care to their patients.
Nursing Theories and a Philosophy of Nursing
The nurse then make a nursing care plan based on the culturalogical assessment. Nursing theories act as frameworks that shape the scope of nursing care and practice. According to the theory, each level of moral development represents varying degrees of sophistication in the three levels of reasoning. What effective leadership and followership strategies could she implement in the change process? She became an assistant professor of obstetric nursing in 1954. The theories impact practice as nurses make decisions, evaluate patient care options, and provide direct care to patients throughout their practice. The needs theorists were the first group of nurses who thought of giving nursing care a conceptual order.
When his family moved to Berlin in 1905, he entered the University of Freiburg to study medicine, but opted to study biology instead, which prompted him to transfer to the University of Munich. It also explains how nurses use their unique knowledge and skills during assessments while patients contribute their self-knowledge and perceptions of their health issues. It should also explain how these components relate to each other. Grand nursing theorists typically use grand nursing theories as the basis of their work. Adaptation Theory The Adaptation Theory was developed by Sister Callista Roy and focuses on the interconnected systems that a patient experiences as part of the nursing process. It is not uncommon for staff to state that they were not involved in the decision making regarding changes in their practice and, as a result, be highly resistant to change. Types of Leadership Theories in Nursing There are countless theories about effective leadership styles with many sub-theories under each one.
She discovered that nurses could positively impact patient behaviors by providing education to help patients identify harmful behaviors and develop new behaviors that would improve future health. These exchanges of energy and individual success or failure in adaptation determine actual or potential placement on an energy continuum, and the need for assistance from the health practitioner. Nursing theories and philosophies of nursing are related because they directly affect each other. The Life Perspective Rhythm Model includes the concepts of nursing, person, health, and environment. Practice-level nursing theories are the narrowest in scope and influence daily patient care.
A protocol is a checklist of a series of steps the nursing staff takes in response to a patient presenting different symptoms. A healthcare facility specializing in treatments for cancer patients will use practice-level nursing theories in slightly different ways than a facility that provides general regional healthcare services. Nursing theories focus on the phenomena of nursing. Nursing theories are the cornerstone of quality nursing practice. Born in Chicago in 1920, Myra Estrin Levine earned her diploma in nursing from the Cook County School of Nursing in 1944 and completed her Bachelor of Science in Nursing from the University of Chicago in 1949. By Abstraction There are three major categories when classifying nursing theories based on their level of abstraction: grand theory, middle-range theory, and practice-level theory. The seven steps of the planned change model include: 1 diagnosing the problem; 2 assessing the motivation and capacity for change in the system; 3 assessing the resources and motivation of the change agent; 4 establishing change objectives and strategies; 5 determining the role of the change agent; 6 maintaining the change; and 7 gradually terminating the helping relationship as the change becomes part of the organizational culture see The steps in this model place emphasis on those affected by the change, with a focus on communication skills, rapport building, problem-solving strategies, and establishing mechanisms for feedback Kritsonis, 2005; Lehman, 2008.
Finding a balanced approach: Incorporating medicine wheel teachings in the care of Aboriginal people at the end of life. Nurses may provide education on ceasing harmful habits, such as smoking, or managing a chronic condition, such as diabetes, using a healthy diet and a blood sugar monitoring device. Looking at the overall health of the patient requires not only collecting vitals but also looking at their emotional health and even their social conditions. Middle-range nursing theories provide enough specificity to conduct research that impacts practice but do not provide direct guidance for practice. Median Salary: Career Outlook: 9% projected job growth, or about as fast as average. His wife, Poppy Buchanan-Barker, also had her own contributions to the Tidal Model.
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The change agent sets the tone for a positive and supportive climate, and methods are used to continue persuading members toward the change providing information, training, assisting with personnel changes. Other Ways of Classifying Nursing Theories Classification According to Meleis Afaf Ibrahim Meleis 2011 , in her book Theoretical Nursing: Development and Progress, organizes the major nurse theories and models using the following headings: needs theories, interaction theories, and outcome theories. How Are Leadership Theories Developed? The problems fall into three categories: physical, sociological, and emotional needs of patients; types of interpersonal relationships between the patient and nurse; and common elements of patient care. The nursing theories of Classification According to Alligood In her book, Nursing Theorists and Their Work, Raile Alligood 2017 categorized nursing theories into four headings: nursing philosophy, nursing conceptual models, nursing theories and grand theories, and middle-range nursing theories. Orem See Also: Dorothea E.
It may have different meanings for each patient, the clinical setting, and the health care provider. Moreover, leaders work closely with frontline care providers to identify necessary change in the workplace that would improve work processes and patient care. These theories directly impact patient care procedures and protocol. The terms of care and caring are predominately used to describe and inherent work and value nursing. Cultural Care Theory The Cultural Care Theory created by Madeleine Leininger, focuses on the idea that patient care should be culturally congruent. These policies and procedures keep patients safe, while providing the best care possible. What is a nursing theory? For example, if an employee is new or not very experienced, then they will need someone to explain exactly what they need to do every step of the way.
Journal of Change Management, 4, 309—325. Recent literature focuses on the use of the medicine wheel to recover from illness and regain health. As lenses that color and shape how nurses interpret situations, nursing theories influence the decisions nurses make and the relationships they form with patients. Examples of Middle-Range theories are that of Mercer, Reed, Mishel, and Barker. Alfred Adler believed that the development of traits and behaviors are affected by developmental issues.
Common Change Theories and Application to Different Nursing Situations
The metaparadigm provides structure and key areas of focus that help define how nurses should evaluate a patient and their needs and then determine the appropriate nursing care. Academic hospitals and Magnet hospitals will consistently ensure that nursing theories are incorporated into their policies and procedures to ensure best-practice is being used. But there are no freeways to the future, no paved highways to unknown, unexplored destinations. When applied to a nursing process, these concepts allow for a complete approach to patient care. However, due to her hard work, benevolence, and charity, nursing transformed into an occupation that is highly respected until today. As a Certified Nurse-Midwife, your duties will include tasks such as conducting patient exams, monitoring the progress of the pregnancy, assisting with delivery, and educating new parents in the proper care of newborn infants. He wants to guide the next generation of nurses to achieve their goals and empower the nursing profession.
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Optimum health is described as the actualization of both innate and obtained human potential, goal-directed behavior, and expert personal care. Over the years, different nursing theorists have created guidelines for understanding the nursing role, the relationship between a nurse and their patient, and the best treatment options for patients. It focuses on the fundamental care process and draws on values about relating to people to help others in moments of distress. Much of the theoretical work in nursing focused on articulating relationships among four major concepts: person, environment, health, and nursing. She earned her diploma in Nursing from the Army School of Nursing at Walter Reed Hospital, Washington, D. Sullivan 2012 recommends converting data into tables or graphs, thus making the results easier for administration and frontline providers to understand, and perhaps accept, the change.
