Physical distribution refers to the movement and storage of goods from the point of production to the point of consumption. It plays a critical role in the supply chain management of any organization, as it helps to ensure that the right products are delivered to the right place at the right time. There are several key components of physical distribution that help to make this process as efficient and effective as possible.
One of the key components of physical distribution is transportation. This involves the movement of goods from one location to another, whether by land, air, sea, or a combination of these modes. Transportation can be performed by a variety of means, including trucks, trains, airplanes, and ships, and it is important to choose the most appropriate mode of transportation based on the size and weight of the goods, the distance they need to travel, and the time frame in which they need to be delivered.
Another important component of physical distribution is warehousing and storage. This involves the temporary or long-term storage of goods in a facility until they are needed for distribution. Warehouses can be used to store raw materials, finished products, or both, and they can be owned by the organization itself or leased from a third party. Good warehousing practices are essential for ensuring the safety and integrity of the goods, as well as for optimizing the efficiency of the distribution process.
A third component of physical distribution is order processing and fulfillment. This involves the handling of customer orders, including the preparation of invoices and packing slips, the selection and packing of products, and the coordination of delivery. Order processing and fulfillment can be performed manually or with the help of automated systems, and it is important to choose the approach that best meets the needs of the organization and its customers.
Finally, physical distribution also includes the management of inventory and stock levels. This involves the tracking and control of the movement of goods into and out of the organization's warehouses and other storage facilities, as well as the monitoring of stock levels to ensure that there is always a sufficient supply of products to meet customer demand. Inventory management is an essential part of physical distribution, as it helps to prevent stock-outs and overstocks, which can lead to lost sales and increased costs.
In summary, physical distribution is a complex and multifaceted process that involves the movement, storage, and management of goods from the point of production to the point of consumption. It is an integral part of the supply chain management of any organization, and it requires careful planning and coordination to ensure that the right products are delivered to the right place at the right time.