Factors that determine intelligence. Genetic and Environmental Influences on Intelligence 2022-10-27
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Intelligence is a complex trait that is influenced by a variety of factors, including both genetic and environmental influences. While there is no single definition of intelligence that is universally accepted, it is generally understood to be a multifaceted quality that includes the ability to learn, reason, problem-solve, and adapt to new situations. In this essay, we will explore some of the key factors that contribute to intelligence and how they interact to shape an individual's cognitive abilities.
One of the primary factors that determines intelligence is genetics. Research has shown that intelligence is highly heritable, meaning that it tends to run in families. This does not mean that intelligence is entirely determined by genetics, as environmental influences also play a significant role. However, genetic factors do play a role in shaping an individual's cognitive abilities and can influence their potential for learning and intellectual development.
Another important factor that influences intelligence is the environment in which an individual grows up and develops. This includes both the physical environment and the social environment. The physical environment, including access to education and resources, can have a significant impact on cognitive development and can either facilitate or hinder an individual's intellectual growth. The social environment, including the influence of family, friends, and peers, can also play a role in shaping an individual's intelligence. For example, children who grow up in supportive and stimulating environments are more likely to develop strong cognitive skills and perform well academically.
A third factor that can contribute to intelligence is the individual's experiences and the opportunities they have to learn and develop their cognitive abilities. Individuals who are exposed to a wide range of experiences and have opportunities to learn and challenge themselves are more likely to develop strong cognitive skills and higher levels of intelligence. This can include activities such as reading, problem-solving, and engaging in creative pursuits.
Finally, intelligence can also be influenced by an individual's motivation and effort. Individuals who are highly motivated to learn and apply themselves are more likely to develop strong cognitive skills and perform well academically. This can be especially important for individuals who may not have the same genetic or environmental advantages as others.
In conclusion, intelligence is a complex trait that is influenced by a variety of factors, including genetics, the environment, experiences, and motivation. While these factors can all contribute to an individual's cognitive abilities, they do not determine intelligence entirely. Instead, they work together to shape an individual's intellectual abilities and potential for learning and development.
Environmental Factors Determine Intelligence
Environment Environment, loosely, is everything that is not heredity. Researchers differ in their convictions regarding sex differences. How do I protect and enhance my own intelligence, and what is likely to promote intelligence in the next generation? A strategy to understand genotypes from phenotypes is to examine the similarities between the intelligence level of children, and their parents and relatives. What are the factors affecting intelligence? What does environmental intelligence mean? Recent studies have consistently shown poor performance on executive function EF tasks by low-SES children compared with that by middle- and high-SES children during childhood and adolescence1,2,3,4,5. But intelligence does not always evolve to its ultimate possibilities.
Factors That Affect the Development of Intelligence in the Child
Environment consists of a heterogeneous array of stimulations ranging from home experiences to the ecology of the natural habitat. Drugs taken by mothers can have tragic effects on the unborn child. Sickle cell trait can be a lifesaver in some environments, but sickle cell disease can kill. They need a chance to learn. In the 1600s, Locke, English philosopher, argued that the mind of a newborn is a blank: a tabula rasa on which the environment writes his life history. Culture refers to a system of beliefs, attitudes, and values that assed from one generation to the next.
Environmental factors such as school and out-of-school activities influence intelligence during all stages of child development, from prenatal care to college and beyond. The index of socioeconomic status SES is based on parental education, occupation, and income. Parents Children IQ 128 IQ 125 IQ 120 IQ 117 IQ 105 IQ 104 IQ 91 IQ 95 IQ 97 IQ 96 Outhit M. Parent-Child interaction Parents are the first teachers for the child. What are the environmental factors that are involved with intelligence? Ethnicity is irrelevant to this search, except for two factors that influence intelligence in contradictory ways. The other 12 children, who stayed back in the unstimulating orphanage, exhibited a 26- point drop in their IQs. At present, psychologists agree that both nature and nurture interact to pro specific developmental patterns and competence.
The mental functions of a child cannot normally develop if, in parallel, their emotional life is not naturally developed. Similarly, intoxicating drugs and alcohol consumption would adversely affect the biological processes and the development of brain cells. The genotype expresses itself in observable appearance and behavior, which is called phenotype. The parents and the society train boys and differently in terms of what to expect from them. While identical twins show a 100 percent genetic overlap, fraternal twins have 50 percent genetic similarity, which is no greater than that between ordinary siblings. Social life promotes intelligence.
There is some evidence that sex differences exist for particular kinds of cognitive abilities Review of a number of studies has shown that females are superior in language skills, verbal fluency, and reading, while males are superior in mathematical reasoning and spatial abilities Oetzel, 1966. This theory was by Charles Spearman, who hypothesized that each individual may contain a general intelligence factor Gariepy. Environment starts showing its actions right from the moment of chi conception. A well-developed child fits better in a larger living space than a child with a weaker motor. Healthy, nutritious food is vital for a growing brain.
For low SES children, they observed progressive retardation in intellectual skills. Are the adverse effects of impoverished environments reversible? Parents cannot always provide these things, but they must try. A research study conducted in 2002 compared two groups of seventh graders. They provided these infants special attention, played verbal games with them, and responded to their difficulties, problems, and wants. Lack of nutrition would have an adverse impact on the mental development of the child. What are the factors that influence intelligence? However, the argument might be the oldest and youngest of siblings usually receive more parental attention, resulting in more or less motivation than middle children. In a longitudinal study 5 Baker, and Nelson, 1958 , 140 children were tested at intervals bet and 12 years of age.
Personality has been found to have a substantial genetic influence however economic and social factors have been found to effect How Nature And Nurture Affects Intelligence AP Seminar November 20, 2015 How Nature and Nurture Affects Intelligence Most people believe that Intelligence Quotient IQ tests are a good way to measure intelligence. The Brahmins have a highly verbal articulate culture compared to the other groups; studies conducted in this region Das and Singha, 1974; Jachuck and Mohanty, 1974 have reported significant differences in the cognitive level of children differing by caste, culture, and SES. It is therefore understandable that children of urban parents are superior in intelligence to children of parents in rural areas. They found that racial membership significantly influenced both the pattern and level of intellectual sentence. He stated that blacks have lower genetic intelligence than whites, and that is why they do not perform as well as whites on intelligence tests. However, none of these factors affect the development of intelligence. This kind of learning, reasoning, and solving problems continues throughout adulthood.
What are three environmental factors that affect intelligence?
However, not every gene carries a clear and determining command and not every genetic instruction will be followed. How is intelligence within humans affected by genetic factors? Psychology has long maintained statistics on the quota of intelligence in boys and girls. The genetic code provides the base on which phenotype grows and manifests. In Indian context, there are prominent subcultures defined by caste groups, and traditional parental occupations. In one study Horn, 1983 , the correlation between the IQs of children and their biological mothers whom they had never seen was. Rapid development takes place in major organs and brain cells. Socioeconomic status SES Children of the upper socioeconomic strata of the society are exposed to more intellectual stimulation, get better social opportunities, and are nurtured with better nutrition.
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Intelligence
Twin studies: Twins are of two types: identical twins and fraternal twins Identical twins originate from a single fertilized egg and share the same gencode. Twin studies suggest that the variance in IQ is linked to genetics. What follows are generally accepted scientific conclusions about what promotes intelligence and what damages it. The intellectual condition of those 12 children who were in the orphanages was very poor. How is IQ related to genetics and environment? However, as one ages, this kind of abstract thinking decreases after the age of 30-40.
What are some Factors that Affect the Intelligence of a Child
This paper will help define intelligence and how it affects critical thinking. How does socioeconomic status affect cognitive development? The higher is the socioeconomic status of the parents, the higher is the average IQ of children. Although there are more boys among the above average intelligent children, there are also more boys among the poorer children. The influence of innate predispositions on intelligence development is obviously stronger than the environmental impact, but the environmental impact should not be neglected. Within Japan itself, the Buraku, a Japanese minority group, consistently score lower on intelligence tests than the rest of their peers. It is possible to work with a child with mental retardation, raising his IQ by as much as 10 to 12 points. Studies have been conducted in rural Orissa comparing children of different groups.
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