Hofstede meaning. Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Theory 2022-11-17

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Geert Hofstede was a Dutch social psychologist who is known for his research on the cultural dimensions of national societies. His work has had a significant impact on the field of cross-cultural communication and has been widely cited and used in both academia and business.

Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory is a framework that identifies the key cultural values of a society and how they compare to one another. It is based on the results of a survey that Hofstede conducted in the 1970s, in which he collected data from IBM employees in more than 50 countries. From this data, Hofstede identified six dimensions of culture that he believed were universal: individualism versus collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity versus femininity, long-term versus short-term orientation, and indulgence versus restraint.

The individualism versus collectivism dimension refers to the degree to which individuals in a society value their own goals and needs over those of the group. Individualistic societies, such as the United States, place a high value on independence and self-reliance, while collectivistic societies, such as Japan, value loyalty and interdependence.

The power distance dimension refers to the degree to which people in a society accept and expect power to be distributed unequally. Societies with a high power distance, such as Brazil, tend to have a more hierarchical social structure, while societies with a low power distance, such as Denmark, tend to have more egalitarian relationships.

The uncertainty avoidance dimension refers to the degree to which people in a society are comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty. Societies with a high uncertainty avoidance, such as Greece, tend to have strict rules and rituals to minimize uncertainty, while societies with a low uncertainty avoidance, such as Singapore, are more accepting of change and novelty.

The masculinity versus femininity dimension refers to the degree to which traditional gender roles are emphasized in a society. Masculine societies, such as Japan, value assertiveness, competition, and material success, while feminine societies, such as Sweden, value caring, nurturing, and quality of life.

The long-term versus short-term orientation dimension refers to the degree to which a society values persistence and planning for the future versus a focus on the present. Societies with a long-term orientation, such as China, tend to place a high value on perseverance and saving for the future, while societies with a short-term orientation, such as the United States, tend to focus more on immediate gratification.

The indulgence versus restraint dimension refers to the degree to which a society allows for the expression of feelings and the fulfillment of desires. Indulgent societies, such as the United States, tend to have a more permissive attitude towards pleasure and self-expression, while restrained societies, such as China, tend to place a greater emphasis on control and moderation.

Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory has been widely influential and has been used in a variety of contexts, including business, education, and healthcare. It has been particularly useful in helping people understand and navigate cultural differences when working or communicating with people from other societies. However, it is important to note that Hofstede's theory is not without its criticisms, and it should be used with caution as it does not account for the complexity and diversity of cultures within a society.

Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Theory

hofstede meaning

You will expect power relationships to be participatory, democratic, and consultative. In these cultures, people are more likely to do several things at once and may not be as concerned with punctuality. And mainly, in these higher-scoring countries on Hierarchy , the governments use their influence to push their own agenda, using the existing rituals as a means to help them and to keep the population in check. The most cited critique is McSweeney. We can, nevertheless, still use such country scores based on the law of the big numbers, and on the fact, most of us are strongly influenced by social control. Individuals in long term prefer a hierarchy based structure and idolize their leaders as short term believes in themselves and their personal strength.

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Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Theory & Employee Behavior

hofstede meaning

Even in face of defeats you never waver and simply move on towards achieving the set goals. Business Plans The second example is about the length of a business plan in years. It is often strong personalities who have this name. The same persistence also holds true for matters of the heart. That is because they fall in love too easily love at first sight. Retrieved 6 September 2015.


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Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions

hofstede meaning

Geert Hofstede was a social scientist from the Netherlands and developed this framework in 1980 by analyzing more than 88,000 staff from 72 nations in IBM subsidiaries. Retrieved 24 November 2021. His original study of cultural dimensions involved a study of IBM employees from across the world that formed the basis of his cultural dimensions theory. Cultural norms impact interpersonal relationships at work. For example, a culture that has relative morality may be more likely to forgive someone who has done something wrong, because they believe that everyone makes mistakes and that forgiveness is important. They support one another if a tiff starts with a rival in-group.

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Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions: Explanation, Limitation, and Examples

hofstede meaning

Full of energy and determination you are an impressive force of nature. They also describe the relationship between these values and behavior, with the help of a structure based on factor analysis. As a result, some practitioners choose to rate each on a 1 — Power distance index The power distance index considers the extent to which power and inequality are tolerated by followers. Every individual received equal benefits and rights irrespective of their level in the hierarchy. Always up to date with competition. It was created by Geert Hofstede.

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Compare countries

hofstede meaning

Here individuals with a common interest come together and work in unison as a team. It will assist in refining and expanding fundraising practices. The high side of this dimension, called individualism, can be defined as a preference for a loosely-knit social framework in which individuals are expected to take care of only themselves and their immediate families. . The Masculine side of this dimension represents a preference in society for achievement, heroism, assertiveness and material rewards for success. Female cultures place more value on relationships, quality of life and greater concern for marginalized groups e.

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Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions EXPLAINED with EXAMPLES

hofstede meaning

Hence, when the project was drawing to an end, the engineer wanted to gather in the other members of the community although the chief lacked interest. After all, robots do not need to be taken out, fed or cleaned. This long-term orientation is what characterizes this dimension. It shows the inequality between individuals with power and without power. They 5 — Long-term orientation vs. . These members choose to maintain, not have drastic change, therefore will not do well in an organization with low UA.

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Long Term Orientation Hofstede; Here are Some Real Examples

hofstede meaning

Short-Term Orientation Short-term orientation is when a society is more focused on the present and the past. One of Hofstede's most famous concepts is time orientation. If others want to force on to them things which do not inspire, they can totally refuse to go along. The fundamental issue here is how a society handles inequalities among people. In the village, she happened to be the only lady with this problem, so her opinion was sought in order to customize the design for water collection and sanitation systems accordingly. No special person is assigned to take charge of the employees.

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Hofstede's Model of Organisational Culture

hofstede meaning

The main authority lies with the chief, who should decide on the best course of action. The team members have to respect their team leaders and work as per their orders and advice. It holds that wisdom is essential, and one should never deliver negative feedback or comments in public. The framework is created from factor analysis. In other words, they still recognize a gap between male and female values. If you are a subordinate, you simply acknowledge the power of your superior based merely upon his relative position in the hierarchy of authority.


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What Does Hofstede Stand For? Hofstede Meaning Of Name

hofstede meaning

Individuals in cultures demonstrating a high power distance are very deferential to figures of authority and generally accept an unequal distribution of power, while individuals in cultures demonstrating a low power distance readily question authority and expect to participate in decisions that affect them. Relevant research and preparation is required for this. They tend to focus on short-term gains and immediate gratification at the expense of a future payoff. In more masculine societies, women are somewhat assertive and competitive, but notably less than men. For the most part they are not very superficial people.

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