The Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization, was a bronze age civilization that flourished in the Indus Valley region in modern-day Pakistan and northwest India from about 2500 BCE to 1900 BCE. It is one of the oldest and most developed civilizations in the world, with a population estimated to have been between 500,000 and 1,500,000.
The Indus Valley Civilization was discovered in the 1920s by archaeologists who were surprised to find such a highly developed civilization in this region of the world. The civilization was named after the Indus River, which flows through the region.
The Indus Valley Civilization was characterized by a highly developed system of city planning and infrastructure, including well-planned cities, public baths, and advanced drainage systems. The people of the Indus Valley Civilization also developed a system of writing, which remains undecipherable to this day.
The Indus Valley Civilization was a highly advanced society, with a complex social structure and sophisticated system of governance. It was a trading society, with a well-developed system of trade and commerce. The Indus Valley Civilization was also known for its art and architecture, with beautiful seals, statues, and other artifacts that have been discovered by archaeologists.
One of the most interesting aspects of the Indus Valley Civilization is its sudden disappearance around 1900 BCE. It is not clear what caused the collapse of this advanced society, though there are several theories. Some experts believe that the Indus Valley Civilization may have been affected by a natural disaster, such as a drought or flood. Others believe that it may have been conquered by a foreign power, or that internal conflicts or social unrest may have led to its downfall.
Despite its mysterious end, the Indus Valley Civilization remains an important part of human history, and its legacy can still be seen in the modern-day cultures of Pakistan and India. Its sophisticated system of city planning and infrastructure has influenced the development of civilizations throughout the world, and its art and artifacts continue to be studied and admired by people all over the globe.