Internal and external economies and diseconomies refer to the benefits and costs that a company experiences as a result of its size and its operating environment. Internal economies are the benefits that a company experiences as it grows in size, while external economies are the benefits that a company experiences as a result of operating in a particular location or industry. Diseconomies are the opposite of economies, and refer to the costs and negative effects that a company experiences as a result of its size or operating environment.
Internal economies of scale refer to the benefits that a company experiences as it grows in size. These benefits can include reduced unit costs, improved efficiency, and increased bargaining power. For example, a large company may be able to negotiate lower prices with its suppliers due to its size, or it may be able to spread fixed costs over a larger number of units, resulting in lower unit costs. In addition, a large company may have the resources to invest in more advanced technology and systems, which can improve efficiency and reduce costs.
External economies of scale refer to the benefits that a company experiences as a result of operating in a particular location or industry. These benefits can include access to a skilled workforce, specialized infrastructure, and a supportive business environment. For example, a company operating in a region with a well-developed transportation network may experience lower costs due to improved access to raw materials and markets. Similarly, a company operating in an industry with a strong supply chain may experience reduced costs due to the availability of specialized suppliers and other resources.
Internal diseconomies of scale refer to the costs and negative effects that a company experiences as it grows in size. These can include increased bureaucracy, difficulty in managing a large organization, and reduced efficiency. For example, a large company may have more complex organizational structures, leading to increased bureaucracy and decision-making delays. In addition, managing a large company can be more challenging, as there may be more stakeholders and a greater need for coordination.
External diseconomies of scale refer to the costs and negative effects that a company experiences as a result of operating in a particular location or industry. These can include increased competition, regulatory burdens, and environmental costs. For example, a company operating in a region with a high level of competition may experience lower profit margins due to the need to constantly adapt to changing market conditions. Similarly, a company operating in an industry with strict regulatory requirements may experience increased compliance costs.
In summary, internal and external economies and diseconomies are the benefits and costs that a company experiences as a result of its size and its operating environment. Internal economies of scale refer to the benefits that a company experiences as it grows in size, while external economies of scale refer to the benefits that a company experiences as a result of operating in a particular location or industry. Internal diseconomies of scale refer to the costs and negative effects that a company experiences as it grows in size, while external diseconomies of scale refer to the costs and negative effects that a company experiences as a result of operating in a particular location or industry.