Mononitration of bromobenzene is a chemical reaction in which bromobenzene, a compound with the formula C6H5Br, is treated with a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids to produce mononitrobenzene, a compound with the formula C6H4BrNO2. This reaction is an example of an electrophilic substitution, in which the bromine atom in bromobenzene is replaced by a nitro group, NO2.
The mononitration of bromobenzene is typically carried out in aqueous solution, using a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid as the catalyst. The nitration process involves the formation of an electrophile, which is attracted to the electron-rich aromatic ring of bromobenzene. The electrophile is then attacked by the bromobenzene molecule, resulting in the replacement of the bromine atom by the nitro group.
One of the key factors that influences the yield of the mononitration reaction is the ratio of nitric acid to sulfuric acid in the reaction mixture. A high ratio of nitric acid to sulfuric acid favors the formation of the mononitrobenzene product, while a low ratio favors the formation of dinitrobenzene, a compound with the formula C6H2(NO2)2Br2. The temperature of the reaction also plays a role in determining the yield of the mononitration reaction, with higher temperatures generally resulting in higher yields.
In addition to being a useful synthetic intermediate, mononitrobenzene has a number of practical applications. It is used as a starting material for the synthesis of dyes, pigments, and pharmaceuticals, and it is also used as an explosive.
Overall, the mononitration of bromobenzene is a useful and widely-employed chemical reaction that allows for the efficient synthesis of mononitrobenzene and its derivatives. It is an important example of an electrophilic substitution reaction, and it has numerous applications in the fields of chemistry and industry.
Mononitration Products
In this experiment, nitration was used show electrophilic aromatic substitution of bromobenzene. Use this ratio and the amount of 4-bromonitrobenzene actually isolated to estimate the experimental yield of mononitration in the reaction. However, the forward and reverse reactions continue to occur. The initial crop of crystals from the cooled DCM nitration solution was found to consist mainly of the 4-isomer as expected though traces of the 3- and possibly the 2,4-dinitro isomer were just detectable. The two small peaks were likely the initial reactant and the meso product, 3-bromonitrobenzene, which is produced in very small quantities.
Nitration of bromobenzene
Consider the directing effects of the ester group and the first nitro group to predict the position of addition of the second nitro group. In this experiment, The electrophile is the nitronium ion and is attracted to the benzene ring, nitronium ion forms a sigma complex with benzene, the benzene loses hydrogen H+ to form nitrobenzen , the way we formed nitronium ion by the mix of nitric acid and sulfuric acid, sulfuric acid is acting as a catalyst. What if you left it on stirring for an extra hour or two, without external heating to supress dinitration? Add 6M HCl drop by drop until a change in color occurs. Posts: 665 Registered: 2-3-2014 Location: EU Member Is Offline Mood: No Mood Congratulations! Another good-quality work from you. The low temperature probably limits the amount of di-nitration product and the presence of such compounds in quantity would have increased the apparent yield. Explain your results in terms of Le Chatelier Principle 3. The yellow filtrate was placed in a porcelain bowl on a hot water bath and heated to about 1.
Predict the major products of mononitration of these substances: A) bromobenzene B) benzonitrile C) benzoic acid D) nitrobenzene E) phenol F) benzaldehyde
A further small crop of yellow crystals c 1g was recovered by evaporating the filtrate down by half not TLC'ed giving a final yellow oil that appears to be mainly 2-nitro and 2,4 dinitrobromobenzene with minor 4-nitro and traces of 3-nitro and 2,6-dinitro. Equilibrium systems are often disturbed or stressed by making changes in reaction parameters such as temperature, pressure or concentrations of reactants or products When these disturbances occur, the system responds in such a way that will counteract the stress. Believe it or not, yesterday I was surfing the web and came across the following patent. . Posts: 665 Registered: 2-3-2014 Location: EU Member Is Offline Mood: No Mood Unfortunately DCM can only dissolve 1-2 % HNO3. Predict the most likekly mononitration product from each of the following compounds. Not what you're looking for? The Rf in column chromatography will be similar to the Rf in TLC but not exactly the same.
