Section 173 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) is a crucial provision that deals with the investigation process in criminal cases in India. It outlines the duties and powers of the police during the investigation of a crime, and also provides a framework for the submission of the police report to the court.
Under Section 173, the police are required to investigate any cognizable offense that is brought to their notice, either through a complaint or on their own initiative. A cognizable offense is one for which the police have the power to make an arrest without a warrant and to begin an investigation without the permission of a court. The investigation process may involve the collection of evidence, the questioning of suspects and witnesses, and the recovery of stolen property.
During the investigation, the police have the power to arrest a suspect, search and seize property, and summon witnesses to appear before them. They are also required to record all statements made by witnesses, suspects, and other persons during the course of the investigation.
Once the investigation is complete, the police are required to submit a report to the court. This report, known as the charge sheet, outlines the evidence collected during the investigation and contains the names of the accused, the witnesses, and the nature of the offense. The charge sheet serves as the basis for the prosecution of the accused in court.
In cases where the police are unable to complete the investigation within a period of 90 days, they may seek an extension of time from the court. However, this extension can only be granted in exceptional circumstances and must be justified by the police.
In summary, Section 173 of the CrPC plays a vital role in the criminal justice system in India. It outlines the duties and powers of the police during the investigation process and provides a framework for the submission of the police report to the court. It is an important provision that helps ensure that criminal cases are properly and fairly investigated, and that justice is served.