The theme of Elizabeth Bishop's sestina, "Sestina," is the passage of time and the way it transforms people and things. The poem is structured around the repeated use of six end words, which are used in a specific order throughout the six stanzas and a final tercet. This repeating structure serves to underscore the theme of repetition and cyclicality in the poem.
The speaker of the poem reflects on a childhood memory of playing in the yard with a friend, and how the scene has changed over time. The end words of the sestina - "day," "play," "fountain," "child," "yard," and "toy" - all evoke a sense of innocence and youth, which is contrasted with the speaker's present-day perspective.
As the poem progresses, the speaker reflects on how the passage of time has caused the fountain to lose its lustrous sheen, the toys to break and wear away, and the child to grow up and move on. The final stanza sees the speaker standing in the yard alone, with only the ghosts of the past to keep her company.
The sestina's structure serves to emphasize the cyclical nature of time, as the end words repeat in a specific pattern, and the past is constantly being revisited and reinterpreted in the present. The poem suggests that while time may cause people and things to change, it also has a way of preserving memories and experiences, keeping them alive in our minds and hearts.
Overall, the theme of "Sestina" is one of loss and change, but also of the enduring power of memory and the way it shapes our perception of the world around us. Bishop's use of the sestina form serves to underscore this theme, and the poem is a poignant and moving reflection on the passage of time and its effects on our lives.