Surface anatomy of abdomen. Abdominal wall: Layers, muscles and fascia 2022-10-28

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The abdomen is the region of the body that lies between the thorax (chest) and the pelvis. It is a complex area that contains many important organs, including the stomach, liver, small intestine, and large intestine. The surface anatomy of the abdomen refers to the external features that can be observed and palpated (felt) on the skin. These features can provide valuable information about the health and function of the underlying organs.

One of the most prominent features of the abdomen is the abdominal wall. This is a layer of muscle and connective tissue that encloses and supports the abdominal organs. The muscles of the abdominal wall are responsible for the movement and stability of the trunk, as well as for breathing and other vital functions. The abdominal wall is divided into four quadrants: the right upper quadrant, the left upper quadrant, the right lower quadrant, and the left lower quadrant. These quadrants are used to describe the location of specific organs or abnormalities.

Another important feature of the surface anatomy of the abdomen is the umbilicus, or navel. This is a small, circular depression in the center of the abdomen that marks the point where the umbilical cord was attached during fetal development. The umbilicus is usually located slightly above the level of the pelvis and is a useful landmark for identifying the locations of other abdominal structures.

In addition to the abdominal wall and the umbilicus, there are several other features of the surface anatomy of the abdomen that are important to recognize. These include:

Overall, the surface anatomy of the abdomen is a complex and important area of the body that contains many vital organs and structures. Understanding the features of this region can help healthcare professionals to diagnose and treat a wide range of conditions that affect the abdominal organs.

Surface Anatomy of the Abdomen

surface anatomy of abdomen

The gallbladder may have been surgically removed. The right colic flexure is situated in the upper and right angle of intersection of the subcostal and right lateral lines. Both of these muscles are situated deep within the abdomen. In particular, the pancreas functions as an endocrine organ which secretes a variety of digestive enzymes as well as hormones which aid in the digestion of food passing through the digestive tract. Insert your fingers posterior to the spleen and carefully free the splenic vessels, tail of the pancreas, and body of the pancreas from the posterior abdominal wall.

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Abdomen (Anatomy): Definition, Function, Muscles

surface anatomy of abdomen

To indicate the position of the kidney from the back, the parallellogram of Morris is used; two vertical lines are drawn, the first 2. Describe the dermatomes where referred pain is generally experienced for each of the abdominopelvic organs. The liver is found in the superior right quadrant of the abdomen and weighs approximately 1. The origin of the inferior mesenteric artery lies posterior to the third part of the duodenum. Use scissors to cut the large intestine between the strings. Be able to distinguish between jejunum and ileum based on a comparison of their internal features such as circular folds and external features such as intestinal arteries. The vessels and ducts in the hepatoduodenal ligament will be demonstrated.

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Surface Anatomy of the Abdomen Flashcards

surface anatomy of abdomen

Identify the parts of the stomach Figure 4. The celiac trunk is very short less than 2 cm in most cases and divides into three branches: o Common hepatic artery already dissected o Left gastric artery o Splenic artery 16. The duodenum and pancreas lie in the watershed between the celiac and superior mesenteric territories of blood supply and, consequently, are supplied by both arteries. Compare this arrangement to the mucosal features seen in the stomach and large intestine. The root of the mesentery is about 15 cm long. Abdomen Definition The abdomen refers to the region between the pelvis pelvic brim and the thorax thoracic diaphragm in vertebrates, including humans.

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Abdominal wall: Layers, muscles and fascia

surface anatomy of abdomen

Trace it to the lesser curvature of the stomach. Use blunt dissection to follow the left gastric artery toward the esophagus and stomach Figure 4. The aorticorenal ganglia are associated with the aortic plexus in the vicinity of the renal artery. The transverse abdominal muscle attaches at the inner lip of the ilium, the lumbar fascia, and the inner surface of cartilage on the six lower ribs. Some organs develop behind the peritoneum and are called retroperitoneal extraperitoneal organs: The ureters, suprarenal glands, and kidneys are examples.


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Abdomen Anatomy, Area & Diagram

surface anatomy of abdomen

At its origin, the superior mesenteric artery lies posterior to the neck of the pancreas. Examine the arteriae rectae of the large intestine. The first lumbar is parallel to the thoracic nerves; its iliohypogastric branch becomes cutaneous above the subcutaneous inguinal ring; its ilioinguinal branch at the ring. The majority of these organs are encased in a protective membrane termed the peritoneum. This double layer of peritoneum connects the liver with the lesser curvature of the stomach and the duodenum. Note that parietal peritoneum is also smooth and slippery.

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The Abdomen (Human Anatomy)

surface anatomy of abdomen

An alternative method is that of Addison, who adopts the following lines: 1 An upper transverse, the transpyloric, halfway between the jugular notch and the upper border of the symphysis pubis; this indicates the margin of the transpyloric plane, which in most cases cuts through the pylorus, the tips of the ninth costal cartilages and the lower border of the first lumbar vertebra; 2 a lower transverse line midway between the upper transverse and the upper border of the symphysis pubis; this is termed the transtubercular, since it practically corresponds to that passing through the iliac tubercles; behind, its plane cuts the body of the fifth lumbar vertebra. Inferior Mesenteric Artery Dissection Overview The inferior mesenteric artery is the artery that supplies the abdominal hindgut, which consists of part of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum. The kidneys also help regulate levels of electrolytes, like salt and potassium, and produce certain hormones that play various roles throughout the body. Pull the abdominal wall anteriorly to create a space between the abdominal wall and the abdominal viscera. The border of the jejunum and ileum along which the mesentery attaches is referred to as the mesenteric border. Turn the transverse colon and greater omentum superiorly over the costal margin Figure 4. Note that the triangle formed by the cystic duct, common hepatic duct, and the cystic artery is known as the cystohepatic triangle of Calot you are not required to know this for this course.

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Surface anatomy of abdomen

surface anatomy of abdomen

The cystic artery may be stained green by bile and is often fragile and difficult to dissect. The peritoneum that covers the pancreas forms part of the posterior wall of the lesser peritoneal sac. The superior part of the duodenum lies in the transverse plane and the hepatoduodenal ligament is attached to it. The L1-L2 ganglia will receive a white ramus communicans from the L1-L2 spinal nerves. Many important blood vessels travel through the abdomen, including the aorta, inferior vena cava, and dozens of their smaller branches. The abdominal aorta lies posterior to the body of the pancreas.

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Anatomy Abdomen

surface anatomy of abdomen

The diaphragm consists of muscle fibers and a large central tendon, which is divided into right and left parts. Pain Medicine: A Comprehensive review, 2nd Edition. The upper part of the digestive system will be studied on a skull and some prosections. The viscera may be stored in a large plastic bag or in the abdominal cavity. The linea alba is the fibrous structure that forms the midline of the abdomen and provides a site of muscle attachment for the abdominal muscles.

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Surgical Anatomy of the Abdomen

surface anatomy of abdomen

Superior mesenteric artery and ganglion13. Since these organs are located outside of the peritoneum, they can also be considered pelvic organs by some researchers. Use an illustration and the dissected specimen to trace the branches of the celiac trunk. How does the posterior arcade differ from the anterior arcade? The transversalis fascia separates the anterior abdominal wall from the extraperitoneal fat. By means of these horizontal planes the abdomen is divided into three zones named from above, the subcostal, umbilical, and hypogastric zones. The stomach develops from the foregut and connects the esophagus with the duodenum.

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Abdominal surface anatomy

surface anatomy of abdomen

Use bone cutters to detach the costal cartilages of ribs 6 and 7 from the xiphisternal junction and lateral border of the sternum. The mesoappendix attaches the appendix to the posterior abdominal wall and it contains the appendicular artery. Obstruction of the hepatic portal vein often occurs with cirrhosis of the liver. How do its branches reach the stomach? Secretions from the liver and pancreas empty into the duodenum. Locate the lumbar part of the sympathetic trunk chain.

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