Sylvia Plath's "Lady Lazarus" is a powerful and disturbing poem that showcases the poet's extraordinary ability to use language to convey intense emotions and experiences. The poem is narrated by a woman who, like the mythic figure of Lazarus, has risen from the dead several times and is now on the verge of yet another resurrection. This metaphor is used to explore themes of suffering, identity, and the destructive power of the self.
The speaker in "Lady Lazarus" presents herself as a survivor of immense trauma, one who has faced death and resurrection on multiple occasions. The tone of the poem is bitter and angry, as the speaker laments the constant cycle of death and rebirth that she has been subjected to. "I have done it again," she declares in the first stanza, suggesting that this is not the first time she has been resurrected. The speaker's use of the word "again" implies a sense of resignation, as if this is an inevitable part of her existence.
The speaker also presents herself as a victim of some kind of malevolent force that is constantly trying to destroy her. "Dying / Is an art, like everything else," she says, implying that her suffering is not accidental but rather the result of some kind of malevolent design. This idea is further reinforced by the use of the word "Herr" in the second stanza, which is German for "Mister" and suggests that the speaker's tormentors are male. The speaker's use of the word "Herr" also suggests that her tormentors are German, perhaps referencing the Holocaust and the suffering of the Jewish people at the hands of the Nazis.
The speaker's identity is also a central theme in "Lady Lazarus." The speaker is referred to as "Lady Lazarus," a metaphor for the mythic figure of Lazarus who was raised from the dead by Jesus. The use of this metaphor suggests that the speaker is not just a ordinary woman but rather a symbol of resurrection and rebirth. The speaker's identity as Lady Lazarus also suggests that she is a kind of living embodiment of suffering and trauma, a woman who has been subjected to unspeakable horrors but has managed to survive and even thrive in spite of them.
The speaker's use of the word "Herr" in the second stanza also highlights the theme of identity and the destructive power of the self. The speaker implies that her tormentors are male, suggesting that they represent a kind of malevolent masculinity that is opposed to her own feminine identity. The speaker's use of the word "Herr" suggests that her tormentors are not just male but also German, perhaps implying that they represent a kind of toxic masculinity that is associated with the aggressive and militaristic culture of Nazi Germany.
In conclusion, Sylvia Plath's "Lady Lazarus" is a powerful and disturbing poem that explores themes of suffering, identity, and the destructive power of the self. The speaker's use of the metaphor of Lazarus and the reference to "Herr" highlight the poem's themes and lend it a sense of urgency and emotional intensity. The speaker's bitter and angry tone and her use of vivid imagery and metaphor make "Lady Lazarus" a striking and memorable poem that continues to resonate with readers today.