Thyroid cancer research paper. 📗 Research Paper on Thyroid Cancer 2022-11-15
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Thyroid cancer is a type of cancer that develops from the cells of the thyroid gland, a butterfly-shaped endocrine gland located in the neck. It is the most common type of endocrine cancer and represents about 1% of all cancer cases. The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate the body's metabolism and energy levels, as well as various other functions.
There are several types of thyroid cancer, the most common being papillary thyroid cancer and follicular thyroid cancer. These types of thyroid cancer tend to have a better prognosis and can often be cured with surgery and/or radiation therapy. However, other types of thyroid cancer such as medullary thyroid cancer and anaplastic thyroid cancer are more aggressive and have a poorer prognosis.
Risk factors for thyroid cancer include radiation exposure, family history of thyroid cancer or other endocrine cancers, and certain inherited genetic syndromes. The incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing in recent years, with women being more likely to develop the disease than men.
There have been numerous research studies conducted on thyroid cancer in order to better understand the disease and develop more effective treatments. One area of research has focused on the role of genetic mutations in the development and progression of thyroid cancer. Researchers have identified several genetic mutations that are associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer, including mutations in the BRAF, RET, and RAS genes.
Another area of research has focused on the use of targeted therapies for the treatment of thyroid cancer. Targeted therapies are drugs that are designed to specifically target and inhibit the function of specific proteins or pathways that are involved in the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. These therapies have shown promising results in clinical trials and may offer a more effective and less toxic treatment option for patients with thyroid cancer.
In addition to targeted therapies, researchers are also exploring the use of immunotherapies for the treatment of thyroid cancer. Immunotherapies are drugs that help to boost the body's immune system in order to fight off cancer cells. These therapies have shown promising results in other types of cancer and are being tested in clinical trials for the treatment of thyroid cancer.
Overall, the research on thyroid cancer has made significant progress in recent years, leading to the development of new and more effective treatments for this disease. However, there is still much more work to be done in order to improve our understanding of the disease and to find even more effective treatments for patients with thyroid cancer.
📗 Research Paper on Thyroid Cancer
Translocation in PAX8—peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ PPARγ has been identified in around30to 35% of FTC. The center indicates that a combination of chemotherapy and external beam radiation therapy. In the stage I of papillary and follicular thyroid cancer, the cancer is located only in the thyroid and may be found in one or both of the lobes. In case of a recurrence, surgery is recommended if the tumor shows up on the radioiodine. Additionally, the center indicates that if the cancer is more widespread, chemotherapy and radiation therapy is advisable. Women are more susceptible to this disease than men, and this disease is diagnosed at a young age. In thyroid health, thyroid cancer is one of the most prevalent malignant endocrine tumors.
Dynamic Risk Stratification After the initial postsurgical risk stratification and appropriate treatment as above, patients should be re-stratifiedduring each follow-up visit depending on their response to therapy into one of the following clinical outcomes:1. A careful inspection and palpation of the central neck should be performed at the time of surgery, with subsequent compartmental neck dissection if abnormal nodes arefound. The center indicates that it is aggressive and transfers to the neck and body. Some variants of PTC do not form papillae and are termed follicular variants of PTC, provided they still have the nuclear features of PTC. Variants of PTC such as tall cell variant, columnar variant, insular carcinoma, and diffuse sclerosing variant are more aggressive than classic PTC and are termed thyroid cancers with intermediate differentiation.
Malignant tumors of the thyroid gland tend to develop gradually and remain localized. Treatment of Thyroid Cancer, by Type and Stage. Body Systems Affected The Cancer Treatment Centers of America 2017 provides the following details of the cells where thyroid cancer affects Papillary thyroid cancer - it develops from follicular cells and in most cases, grows on both lobes of the thyroid gland. Thyroid hormones are essential for the function of every cell in the body. However, recently, a newly derived classification of thyroid cancers categorizes these malignancies into neuroendocrine and C-cell and follicular derived types.
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A careful history and physical examination will help to differentiate low-risk vs. Thyroid cancer kills people all the time. The clinical behavior of thyroid cancer is highly variable, from indolent, slowly progressing tumors to highly aggressive tumors with high mortality rates. A hyperthyroid state often correlates with a lower risk of malignancy; in such patients, a radionuclide uptake scan is indicated. Categories of Thyroid Cancers Thyroid cancers are most commonly classified according to their histology. But if the patient is older than 45 years of age, the cancer is only in the thyroid and is larger than 1 centimeter. Summary While completing the assignment, the most informative thing, which I learned is that thyroid cancer is hereditary.
This cancer is located in either of the lobes and spreads faster than any of the other types Thackery 1058. For invasive neck disease, surgical resection is recommended. Pre-operative neck ultrasound ispivotal in deciding the appropriate surgical procedure. It is crucial to know how the gland functions, the malignancies associated with the gland, and their effects on vital organs. The lateral neck compartments are not routinely entered inthyroidectomy and should be assessed preoperatively with ultrasound and subsequent FNAB if there is aconcern for lymphatic spread. The follicular-derived cancer types are further sub-grouped into anaplastic and differentiated cancers. Structural incomplete response, 4.
This activity reviews the incidence, etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of thyroid cancer and highlights the role of interprofessional communication in optimizing the care of these patients. The New England journal of medicine. I learned that patients with thyroid cancer and have gene mutations should get their children and other family members tested to determine if they have thyroid cancer, particularly the medullary subtype. It account for only 2% of all thyroid cancers but is the fastest growing, and most aggressive thyroid cancer type Thackery 1057. Interprofessional teamwork relies on open communication channels between all team members, and the maintaining of meticulous records so that all professionals involved in the case have access to the same updated patient information and can reach out to other team members if they see anything that requires their attention.
Medullary thyroid cancer - about 4% of thyroid cancers are of medullary subtype. Treatment of thyroid cancer during pregnancy, mostly with thyroidectomy, did not show any significant increase in the complications of pregnancy. In parts of the world that have low iodine diets papillary and follicular. They are antibodies made in a laboratory that are attached to a radioactive substance. The thyroid controls all of the organs in the human body, if the thyroid has cancer the body cannot function like it should.
This can help doctors research this disease in the future. Use the menu to choose a different section to read in this guide. There are various new cutting-edge treatment options for advanced thyroid cancer, while there is also evidence against the overtreatment of low-risk thyroid cancers. Monitoring in the first postsurgical year primarily involves a thyroid ultrasound scan every 6to 12 months and TSH and thyroglobulin levels every 3to 6 months, depending on risk. This paper explores the various categories of thyroid cancer, patterns in thyroid cancer incidents, disability-adjusted life years, deaths, and how they are associated with sex, age, country, and socio-demographic indexes. Bethesda Categories 3 Atypia of undetermined significance, AUS or Follicular lesion of undetermined significance, FLUS and 4 follicular neoplasm, FN or suspicious for follicular neoplasm suggests that the inclusion or exclusion of thyroid cancer is not clear, and these patients may benefit from repeat FNAB Category 3 , molecular testing, or lobectomy Categories 3 and 4.
Between this period, the age- standardized incidence rate demonstrated an upward trend over time, with an estimated annual percentage change amounting to 1. Many things can affect a persons risk of getting cancer. There are four main stages in each of the types of thyroid cancer except for anaplastic cancer Rubin 91. Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association. Cancer is caused in many ways, some are worse than others. Thyroid cancer is cancer that can be caused by many things. If it shows on MRI scans, the center recommends external radiation.
They help regulate growth and the rate of chemical reactions in the body. History and Physical The most common presenting featurein DTC is either neck swelling detected by the patient or a clinician or incidentally detected thyroid nodules on neck imaging. The prognosis is generally good, with up to 95% 5-year survival rate for patients of all ages and races. This can help assess the nodules for high-risk features, detect additional nodules not felt on physical examination, evaluate for neck lymph nodes, and guide FNAB if warranted. Persistent or Recurrent Disease For recurrent minimal iodine-avid disease, RAI ablation is the preferred therapy. Histopathology PTC:Microscopically, the unique characteristic feature of PTC is papillae formation. Women are three times more likely to develop thyroid cancer than men.
